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By NASA
Rahul Ramachandran and Maskey (ST11/IMPACT) participated in IBM Think, where their IBM collaborators showcased two innovative AI applications for weather and climate modeling. The first application focuses on climate downscaling, enhancing the resolution of climate models for more accurate local predictions. The second application aims to optimize wind farm predictions, improving renewable energy forecasts. During the event, Ramachandran and Maskey were interviewed, highlighting the ongoing fruitful collaboration with IBM Research and its potential to advance climate science and renewable energy forecasting.
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By NASA
5 min read
NASA Scientists on Why We Might Not Spot Solar Panel Technosignatures
One of NASA’s key priorities is understanding the potential for life elsewhere in the universe. NASA has not found any credible evidence of extraterrestrial life — but NASA is exploring the solar system and beyond to help us answer fundamental questions, including whether we are alone in the universe.
For those who study the potential for life beyond Earth, one of the questions has long been trying to determine the likelihood of microbial life versus complex life versus a civilization so advanced that we can spot signs of it, called technosignatures, from here at home. Studying the answers to questions like that can help guide suggestions on new telescopes or missions to emphasize the most likely places and ways to look for life.
Now a recent paper published May 24 in the Astrophysical Journal postulates that if advanced extraterrestrial civilizations exist, one reason they might be hard to detect with telescopes from our vantage point is because their energy requirements may be relatively modest. If their culture, technology, and population size do not need vast amounts of power, they would not be required to build enormous stellar-energy harvesting structures that could be detected by current or proposed telescopes. Such structures, based on our own Earthly experience, might be solar panel arrays that cover a significant portion of their planet’s surface or orbiting megastructures to harness most of their parent star’s energy—both of which we might be able to spot from our own solar system.
Conceptual image of an exoplanet with an advanced extraterrestrial civilization. Structures on the right are orbiting solar panel arrays that harvest light from the parent star and convert it into electricity that is then beamed to the surface via microwaves. The exoplanet on the left illustrates other potential technosignatures: city lights (glowing circular structures) on the night side and multi-colored clouds on the day side that represent various forms of pollution, such as nitrogen dioxide gas from burning fossil fuels or chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration. NASA/Jay Freidlander “We found that even if our current population of about 8 billion stabilizes at 30 billion with a high standard of living, and we only use solar energy for power, we still use way less energy than that provided by all the sunlight illuminating our planet,” said Ravi Kopparapu of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, lead author of the paper.
The study has implications for the Fermi paradox, postulated by physicist Enrico Fermi, which asks the question that since our galaxy is ancient and vast, and interstellar travel is difficult but possible, why hasn’t an alien civilization spread across the galaxy by now?
“The implication is that civilizations may not feel compelled to expand all over the galaxy because they may achieve sustainable population and energy-usage levels even if they choose a very high standard of living,” said Kopparapu. “They may expand within their own stellar system, or even within nearby star systems, but a galaxy-spanning civilizations may not exist.”
Additionally, our own technological expertise may not yet be able to predict what more advanced civilizations could do.
“Large-scale stellar-energy harvesting structures may especially be obsolete when considering technological advances,” adds Vincent Kofman, a co-author of the paper at NASA Goddard and American University, Washington, D.C. “Surely a society that can place enormous structures in space would be able to access nuclear fusion or other space-efficient methods of generating power.”
The researchers used computer models and NASA satellite data to simulate an Earth-like planet with varying levels of silicon solar panel coverage. The team then modeled an advanced telescope like the proposed NASA Habitable Worlds Observatory to see if it could detect solar panels on the planet about 30 light-years away, which is relatively nearby in a galaxy that spans over 100,000 light-years. They found that it would require several hundreds of hours of observing time with that type of telescope to detect signatures from solar panels covering about 23% of the land area on an Earth-like exoplanet. However, the requirement for 30 billion humans at a high-living standard was only about 8.9% solar-panel coverage.
Extraterrestrial civilizations with advanced technology could be discovered by their technosignatures – observational manifestations of extraterrestrial technology that could be detected or inferred through astronomical searches. For decades, scientists have been using radio telescopes to look for potential extraterrestrial radio transmissions. More recently, astronomers have proposed using a telescope like the Habitable Worlds Observatory to look for other kinds of technosignatures, such as chemical “fingerprints” in exoplanet atmospheres or specific characteristics in the light reflected by an exoplanet that might announce the presence of vast silicon solar arrays.
The new study assumes that extraterrestrials would build solar panels out of silicon because it’s relatively abundant compared to other elements used in solar power, such as germanium, gallium, or arsenic. Also, silicon is good at converting the light emitted by Sun-like stars into electricity and it’s cost-effective to mine and manufacture into solar cells.
The researchers also assume that a hypothetical extraterrestrial civilization would rely exclusively on solar energy. However, if other sources of energy are used, such as nuclear fusion, it would reduce the silicon technosignature, making the civilization even harder to detect. The study further assumes that the civilization’s population stabilizes at some point. If this doesn’t happen for whatever reason, perhaps they will be driven to expand ever-father into deep space. Finally, it’s impossible to know if an advanced civilization may be using something we haven’t imagined yet that requires immense amounts of power.
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Last Updated Aug 02, 2024 Editor wasteigerwald Contact wasteigerwald william.a.steigerwald@nasa.gov Location NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Related Terms
Astrobiology Goddard Space Flight Center The Search for Life The Universe Explore More
8 min read Searching for Signs of Intelligent Life: Technosignatures
Signs of life beyond Earth could take forms that are clearly artificial – radio or…
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1 year ago
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By USH
The notion that giants once roamed the earth has been widely discussed and supported by photographs of their skulls and skeletons found worldwide.
Ancient megalithic structures, enormous and enigmatic, prompt us to question their builders. It seems impossible that human beings could have constructed such structures.
Take, for instance, the colossal stones of Sacsayhuamán in Peru. When The conquistadors asked theInca about the walls at Sacsayjuaman, the Inca told them the Giants had built it.
Similarly, Malta, an island steeped in history and legend, houses mysterious megalithic structures that have baffled archaeologists for centuries. These massive stone temples, among the oldest globally, appear beyond the capabilities of prehistoric farmers.
However, the intrigue doesn't stop there.
Legends speak of the Nephilim, giant beings believed to have built these monumental structures. Some theories even suggest their descendants might still reside underground today.
We investigate the possibility of these giants, examining bones, elongated skulls, and mysterious hidden subterranean chambers called The Hypogeum.
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By European Space Agency
ESA’s Hera spacecraft for planetary defence is being prepared for a journey to the distant asteroid moon Dimorphos orbiting around its parent body Didymos. One of the first features Hera will look for is the crater left on Dimorphos by its predecessor mission DART, which impacted the asteroid to deflect its orbit. Yet a new impact simulation study reported in Nature Astronomy today suggests no crater will be found. The DART impact is likely to have remodelled the entire body instead – a significant finding for both asteroid science and planetary defence.
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By USH
Below is an extract from a research paper written by a biology professor from the University of Oklahoma, a Smithsonian staff member, and a cosmology professor and it was recently published in Journal of Astrophysics and Aerospace Technology.
Anatomically “modern” humans appeared on this planet less than 50,000 years ago. But intelligent extraterrestrial life may have repeatedly evolved billions of years ago that might be the technological and scientific accomplishments of “humans” and intelligent non-human “beings” that evolved on Earth-like planets billions of years before our solar system was formed? For thousands of years there have been reports of extraterrestrial beings and “sky boats” that have visited Earth as recounted in ancient texts from India, Egypt, and Greece. They might appear to us as “gods” and they might be visiting Earth and Mars.
The implications are that similar forms of life have evolved on other planets and that intelligent extraterrestrials have evolved on worlds billions of years older than our own.
We provide a sample of official NASA Mars photographs above and below of what appears to be wreckage and debris from extraterrestrial spacecraft, partially buried bones, the body of a humanoid, humanoid skulls and UAPs/UFOs photographed in the skies and above surface of Mars but it must be cautioned, however, that without direct and detailed examination, it is impossible to determine with absolute certainty if these “anomalies” are extraterrestrial in origin.
So far, government agencies refuse to acknowledge any evidence for extraterrestrial life, be it UAPs or fungi on Mars and with the creation of the quasi-military National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) it became official policy to denounce, ridicule and suppress any and all reports of extraterrestrial life, including fossils of fungi and bacteria in meteors and all evidence of algae, lichens, fungi and biological activity on Mars.
Why has the “Pentagon” and the quasi-military NASA gone to such extraordinary extremes to deny and suppress all evidence of extraterrestrial life? Possibly, they fear if they admit there is life on Mars and UAPs are extraterrestrial, the implications are that life must be pervasive throughout this galaxy and intelligent life evolved on innumerable worlds; and this would explain why there have been tens of thousands of reports of UFOs visiting this planet. Perhaps they fear if they were to admit and acknowledge the veracity of this vast body of evidence that religious and government authority would be undermined.
Perhaps this explains why NASA and the U.S. Defense Dept. have engaged in what some members of the U.S. congress and a few media outlets have called a “coverup”.
Read the in-depth report submitted on 7/30/23 and revised on 8/8, 11/23 including more photos at: file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/MarsHumanoidsUAPsFINAL.pdfView the full article
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