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By Space Force
SECAF Kendall offers his vision for the security challenges the Air Force and Space Force could face in 2050 and what is needed to properly respond.
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By NASA
Earth Observer Earth Home Earth Observer Home Editor’s Corner Feature Articles Meeting Summaries News Science in the News Calendars In Memoriam More Archives 3 min read
AMS Hyperwall Schedule
NASA Science at AMS Hyperwall Schedule, January 13-16, 2025
Join NASA in the Exhibit Hall (Booth #401) for Hyperwall Storytelling by NASA experts. Full Hyperwall Agenda below.
MONDAY, JANUARY 13
6:10 – 6:25 PM The Golden Age of Ocean Science: How NASA’s Newest Missions Advance the Study of Oceans in our Earth System Dr. Karen St. Germain 6:25 – 6:40 PM Integration of Vantage Points and Approaches for Earth System Science Dr. Jack Kaye 6:45 – 7:00 PM Helio Big Year Wind-Down and a Look Ahead Dr. Joseph Westlake 7:00 – 7:15 PM Chasing Snowstorms with Airplanes: An Overview of the IMPACTS Field Campaign John Yorks
Lynn McMurdie 7:15 – 7:30 PM NASA Earth Action Empowering Health and Air Quality Communities Dr. John Haynes TUESDAY, JANUARY 14
10:00 – 10:15 AM Inclusive Earthdata Applications for Gender-Sensitive Solutions in Climate Mitigation Hannah Townley 10:15 – 10:30 AM Climate Adaptation Science Investigators (CASI): Enhancing Climate Resilience at NASA Cynthia Rosenzweig 10:30 – 10:45 AM From Orbit to Earth: Exploring the LEO Science Digest Jeremy Goldstein 12:00 – 12:15 PM Visualizaiton of the May 10-11 ‘Gannon’ Geospace Storm Michael Wiltberger 12:15 – 12:30 PM Explore Space Weather Through the Community Coordinated Modeling Center and OpenSpace Elana Resnick 12:30 – 12:45 PM Satellite Needs Working Group (SNWG): US Government Agencies’ Source of NASA ESD-wide Earth Observations solutions Natasha Sadoff 12:45 – 1:00 PM Connecting Satellite Data to the One Health Approach Helena Chapman 1:00 – 1:15 PM A Bird’s-Eye View of Pollution in Asian Megacities Laura Judd 1:15 – 1:30 PM Space Weather at Mars Gina DiBraccio Jamie Favors 3:00 – 3:15 PM Open Science: Creating a Culture of Innovation and Collaboration Lauren Perkins 3:15 – 3:30 PM NASA’s Early Career Reseach Program Paving the Way Cynthia Hall
Yaítza Luna-Cruz 3:30 – 3:45 PM SciX: Accelerating Discovery of NASA’s Science through Open Science and Domain Integration Anna Kelbert 6:15 – 6:30 PM Using NASA IMERG to Detect Extreme Rainfall Within Data Deserts Owen Kelley
George Huffman 6:30 – 6:45 PM Satellite Remote Sensing of Aerosols Around the World Rob Levy 6:45 – 7:00 PM The Sun, Space Weather, and You Jim Spann
Erin Lynch 7:00 – 7:15 PM Eyes on the Stars: The Building of a 21st-century Solar Observatory Ame Fox
Dr. Elsayed Talaat 7:15 – 7:30 PM NASA ESTO: Launchpad for Novel Earth Science Technologies Michael Seablom WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 15
10:00 – 10:15 AM Parker Solar Probe Outreach and the Power of Indigenous Thought Leaders Troy Cline 10:15 – 10:30 AM Forecasting Extreme Weather Events at Local Scales with NASA High-Resolution Models Gary Partyka 10:30 – 10:45 AM North American Land Data Assimilation System: Informing Water and Agricultural Management Applications with NASA Modeling and Remote Sensing Sujay Kumar 12:00 – 12:15 PM Life After Launch: A Snapshot of the First 9 Months of NASA’s PACE Mission Carina Poulin 12:15 – 12:30 PM Space Weather and the May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm Antti Pulkkinen 12:30 – 12:45 PM Geospace Dynamics Constellation: The Space Weather Rosetta Stone Dr. Katherine Garcia Gage 12:45 – 1:00 PM Monitoring Sea Level Change using ICESat-2 and other NASA EO Missions Aimee Neeley 1:00 – 1:15 PM Space Weather Center of Excellence CLEAR: All-CLEAR SEP Forecast Lulu Zhao 1:15 – 1:30 PM Harnessing the Power of NASA Earth Observations for a Resilient Water Future Stephanie Granger 3:00 – 3:15 PM From EARTHDATA to Action: Enabling Earth Science Data to Serve Society Jim O’Sullivan
Yaitza Luna-Cruz 3:15 – 3:30 PM GMAO and GEOS Related Talk TBD Christine Bloecker 3:30 – 3:45 PM Live Heliophysics Kahoot! Quiz Bowl Jimmy Acevedo 3:45 – 4:00 PM Parker Solar Probe Nour Rawaf THURSDAY, JANUARY 16
10:00 – 10:15 AM Sounds of Space: Sonification with CDAWeb Alex Young 10:30 – 10:45 AM Developing the Future of Microwave Sounding Data: Benefits and Opportunities Ed Kim Share
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Last Updated Jan 08, 2025 Related Terms
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By NASA
Earth Observer Earth Home Earth Observer Home Editor’s Corner Feature Articles Meeting Summaries News Science in the News Calendars In Memoriam More Archives 3 min read
AAS Hyperwall Schedule
NASA Science at AAS Hyperwall Schedule, January 12-16, 2025
Join NASA in the Exhibit Hall (Booth #505) for Hyperwall Storytelling by NASA experts. Full Hyperwall Agenda below.
SUNDAY, JANUARY 12
7:00 – 7:15 PM NASA Cosmic Pathfinders Program: Transforming the Early-Career Experience in STEM Ronald Gamble 7:15 – 7:30 PM The Hubble Space Telescope: A New Era of Powerful Discovery Jennifer Wiseman 7:30 – 7:45 PM Unveiling High-Redshift Galaxies Using JWST-MIRI Macarena Garcia 7:45 – 8:00 PM NASA’s Habitable Worlds Observatory Megan Ansdell 8:00 – 8:15 PM Get Ready for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Dominic Benford 8:15 – 8:30 PM TESS and the Extended Mission Rebekah Hounsell MONDAY, JANUARY 13
9:00 – 9:15 AM Effective Approaches to Making NASA Science Accessible to All Tim Rhue 9:15 – 9:30 AM
AXIS: The Next-Generation X-ray Imaging Probe Mission Erin Kara 9:30 – 9:45 AM 25 Years of Science with the Chandra X-ray Observatory Rudy Montez, Jr 9:45 – 10:00 AM Pandora SmallSat: Mission Update Tom Greene 5:30 – 5:45 PM Two Years of Exoplanets with JWST Knicole Colon 5:45 – 6:00 PM LISA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Ira Thorpe 6:00 – 6:15 PM Roman Coronagraph Julien Girard 6:15 – 6:30 PM TBD Olivier Dore TUESDAY, JANUARY 14
9:00 – 9:15 AM 25 Years and Beyond with XMM-Newton Kim Weaver 9:15 – 9:30 AM US Archival Science with Euclid Shoubaneh Hemmati 9:30 – 9:45 AM HWO & the Story of Life in the Universe Giada Arney 9:45 – 10:00 AM NASA’s Office of the Chief Science Data Officer: Creating a Culture of Innovation and Collaboration Steven Crawford 12:30 – 12:45 PM Jdaviz, the JWST Data Analysis and Visualization Tool Camilla Pacifici 12:45 – 1:00 PM SPHEREx Instrument Integration and Pre-launch Calibration Chi Nguyen 1:00 – 1:15 PM NASA-PEER: Maximizing the Post-bac Experience and Preparing the Next Generation for Grad School NASA-PEER 1:15 – 1:30 PM Roman Galactic Plane Survey Bob Benjamin 1:30 – 1:45 PM Roman Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey Jessie Christiansen 1:45 – 2:00 PM Galaxy Formation with SPHEREx Jordan Mirocha 5:30 – 5:45 PM Roman Wide Field Instrument: From Ground Tests to Science Jennie Paine 5:45 – 6:00 PM Extraordinary New Views of Nearby Galaxies with JWST Janice Lee 6:00 – 6:15 PM A NICER View of Astrophysics and Exploration from the ISS Elizabeth Ferrara 6:15 – 6:30 PM PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) Overview Elisabeth (Betsy) Mills WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 15
9:00 – 9:15 AM Machine Learning Adventures in Chandra’s X-Ray Universe Victor Samuel Perez Diaz 9:15 – 9:30 AM You Were Here: The Visionary Scientific Goals of the Habitable Worlds Observatory Jason Tumlinson 9:30 – 9:45 AM JWST and Planetary Science Stefanie Milam 9:45 – 10:00 AM Science Explorer: Accelerating the Discovery of NASA Science Alberto Accomazzi 12:30 – 12:45 PM What to expect for Galaxy Evolution with Roman: Lessons from JWST Vihang Mehta 12:45 – 1:00 PM The Rocky Worlds DDT: exploring rocky exoplanet atmospheres with 500 JWST hours and 250 HST orbits Hannah Diamond-Lowe 1:00 – 1:15 PM NASA’s Astrophoto Challenge: Engage the Public with Opportunities to Create their Own Images with NASA Data Brandon Lawton 1:15 – 1:30 PM Roman Core Community Survey-High Latitude Time Domain Survey Roman Speaker 1:30 – 1:45 PM Understanding the Sun’s Magnetic Cycle with COFFIES Chris Lombardi 1:45 – 2:00 PM Our Dynamic Solar Neighborhood Jackie Faherty 5:30 – 5:45 PM Astrophysics at NASA Peter Kurczynski 5:45 – 6:00 PM NewAthena: Heading towards the next X-ray Flagship Kristin Madsen 6:00 – 6:15 PM Pandora SmallSat: Mission Update Lindsey Wiser 6:15 – 6:30 PM Cloud Science Platforms in the Era of Big Data Thomas Dutkiewicz THURSDAY, JANUARY 16
9:00 – 9:15 AM Looking at Exoplanets with the Chandra X-ray Observatory Scott Wolk 9:15 – 9:30 AM Educational Outreach with NASA Science Activation Ana Aranda 9:30 – 9:45AM SPHEREx In-Orbit Commission and Data Products Howard Hui 9:45 – 10:00 AM Roman Core Community Survey- High Latitude Wide Area Survey Roman Speaker 10:00 AM Livestream NICER repair 12:30 – 12:45 PM Overlapping Galaxy Pairs with Hubble and JWST Benne Holwerda 12:45 – 1:00 PM Top 5 Chandra Discoveries Rudy Montez, Jr 1:00 – 1:15 PM What is Webb Looking At Now? Quyen Hart 1:15 – 1:30 PM Pandora SmallSat: Enabling Early Career Opportunities Knicole Colon 1:30 – 1:45 PM Roman Coronagraph Roman Speaker Share
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Last Updated Jan 07, 2025 Related Terms
Earth Science View the full article
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By NASA
4 Min Read NASA Finds ‘Sideways’ Black Hole Using Legacy Data, New Techniques
Image showing the structure of galaxy NGC 5084, with data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory overlaid on a visible-light image of the galaxy. Chandra’s data, shown in purple, revealed four plumes of hot gas emanating from a supermassive black hole rotating “tipped over” at the galaxy’s core. Credits: X-ray: NASA/CXC, A. S. Borlaff, P. Marcum et al.; Optical full image: M. Pugh, B. Diaz; Image Processing: NASA/USRA/L. Proudfit NASA researchers have discovered a perplexing case of a black hole that appears to be “tipped over,” rotating in an unexpected direction relative to the galaxy surrounding it. That galaxy, called NGC 5084, has been known for years, but the sideways secret of its central black hole lay hidden in old data archives. The discovery was made possible by new image analysis techniques developed at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley to take a fresh look at archival data from the agency’s Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Using the new methods, astronomers at Ames unexpectedly found four long plumes of plasma – hot, charged gas – emanating from NGC 5084. One pair of plumes extends above and below the plane of the galaxy. A surprising second pair, forming an “X” shape with the first, lies in the galaxy plane itself. Hot gas plumes are not often spotted in galaxies, and typically only one or two are present.
The method revealing such unexpected characteristics for galaxy NGC 5084 was developed by Ames research scientist Alejandro Serrano Borlaff and colleagues to detect low-brightness X-ray emissions in data from the world’s most powerful X-ray telescope. What they saw in the Chandra data seemed so strange that they immediately looked to confirm it, digging into the data archives of other telescopes and requesting new observations from two powerful ground-based observatories.
Hubble Space Telescope image of galaxy NGC 5084’s core. A dark, vertical line near the center shows the curve of a dusty disk orbiting the core, whose presence suggests a supermassive black hole within. The disk and black hole share the same orientation, fully tipped over from the horizontal orientation of the galaxy.NASA/STScI, M. A. Malkan, B. Boizelle, A.S. Borlaff. HST WFPC2, WFC3/IR/UVIS. The surprising second set of plumes was a strong clue this galaxy housed a supermassive black hole, but there could have been other explanations. Archived data from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile then revealed another quirk of NGC 5084: a small, dusty, inner disk turning about the center of the galaxy. This, too, suggested the presence of a black hole there, and, surprisingly, it rotates at a 90-degree angle to the rotation of the galaxy overall; the disk and black hole are, in a sense, lying on their sides.
The follow-up analyses of NGC 5084 allowed the researchers to examine the same galaxy using a broad swath of the electromagnetic spectrum – from visible light, seen by Hubble, to longer wavelengths observed by ALMA and the Expanded Very Large Array of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory near Socorro, New Mexico.
“It was like seeing a crime scene with multiple types of light,” said Borlaff, who is also the first author on the paper reporting the discovery. “Putting all the pictures together revealed that NGC 5084 has changed a lot in its recent past.”
It was like seeing a crime scene with multiple types of light.
Alejandro Serrano Borlaff
NASA Research Scientist
“Detecting two pairs of X-ray plumes in one galaxy is exceptional,” added Pamela Marcum, an astrophysicist at Ames and co-author on the discovery. “The combination of their unusual, cross-shaped structure and the ‘tipped-over,’ dusty disk gives us unique insights into this galaxy’s history.”
Typically, astronomers expect the X-ray energy emitted from large galaxies to be distributed evenly in a generally sphere-like shape. When it’s not, such as when concentrated into a set of X-ray plumes, they know a major event has, at some point, disturbed the galaxy.
Possible dramatic moments in its history that could explain NGC 5084’s toppled black hole and double set of plumes include a collision with another galaxy and the formation of a chimney of superheated gas breaking out of the top and bottom of the galactic plane.
More studies will be needed to determine what event or events led to the current strange structure of this galaxy. But it is already clear that the never-before-seen architecture of NGC 5084 was only discovered thanks to archival data – some almost three decades old – combined with novel analysis techniques.
The paper presenting this research was published Dec. 18 in The Astrophysical Journal. The image analysis method developed by the team – called Selective Amplification of Ultra Noisy Astronomical Signal, or SAUNAS – was described in The Astrophysical Journal in May 2024.
For news media:
Members of the news media interested in covering this topic should reach out to the NASA Ames newsroom.
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Last Updated Dec 18, 2024 Related Terms
Black Holes Ames Research Center Ames Research Center's Science Directorate Astrophysics Chandra X-Ray Observatory Galaxies Galaxies, Stars, & Black Holes Galaxies, Stars, & Black Holes Research General Hubble Space Telescope Marshall Astrophysics Marshall Science Research & Projects Marshall Space Flight Center Missions NASA Centers & Facilities Science & Research Supermassive Black Holes The Universe Explore More
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By NASA
At Goddard Space Flight Center, the GSFC Data Science Group has completed the testing for their SatVision Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) Foundation Model, a geospatial foundation model for coarse-resolution all-sky remote sensing imagery. The team, comprised of Mark Carroll, Caleb Spradlin, Jordan Caraballo-Vega, Jian Li, Jie Gong, and Paul Montesano, has now released their model for wide application in science investigations.
Foundation models can transform the landscape of remote sensing (RS) data analysis by enabling the pre-training of large computer-vision models on vast amounts of remote sensing data. These models can be fine-tuned with small amounts of labeled training and applied to various mapping and monitoring applications. Because most existing foundation models are trained solely on cloud-free satellite imagery, they are limited to applications of land surface or require atmospheric corrections. SatVision-TOA is trained on all-sky conditions which enables applications involving atmospheric variables (e.g., cloud or aerosol).
SatVision TOA is a 3 billion parameter model trained on 100 million images from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). This is, to our knowledge, the largest foundation model trained solely on satellite remote sensing imagery. By including “all-sky” conditions during pre-training, the team incorporated a range of cloud conditions often excluded in traditional modeling. This enables 3D cloud reconstruction and cloud modeling in support of Earth and climate science, offering significant enhancement for large-scale earth observation workflows.
With an adaptable and scalable model design, SatVision-TOA can unify diverse Earth observation datasets and reduce dependency on task-specific models. SatVision-TOA leverages one of the largest public datasets to capture global contexts and robust features. The model could have broad applications for investigating spectrometer data, including MODIS, VIIRS, and GOES-ABI. The team believes this will enable transformative advancements in atmospheric science, cloud structure analysis, and Earth system modeling.
The model architecture and model weights are available on GitHub and Hugging Face, respectively. For more information, including a detailed user guide, see the associated white paper: SatVision-TOA: A Geospatial Foundation Model for Coarse-Resolution All-Sky Remote Sensing Imagery.
Examples of image reconstruction by SatVision-TOA. Left: MOD021KM v6.1 cropped image chip using MODIS bands [1, 3, 2]. Middle: The same images with randomly applied 8×8 mask patches, masking 60% of the original image. Right: The reconstructed images produced by the model, along with their respective Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) scores. These examples illustrate the model’s ability to preserve structural detail and reconstruct heterogeneous features, such as cloud textures and land-cover transitions, with high fidelity.NASAView the full article
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